Frequently Asked Questions
Everything you need to know about GLP-1 medications
GLP-1 Basics
What are GLP-1 medications?
GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide-1) receptor agonists are a class of medications that mimic the action of a natural hormone in your body. They help regulate blood sugar levels, slow gastric emptying, and reduce appetite. Originally developed for type 2 diabetes management, some GLP-1 medications are now also approved for weight management in people with or without diabetes.
How do GLP-1 medications work for weight loss?
GLP-1 medications work for weight loss through multiple mechanisms:
- • Appetite reduction: They signal your brain to feel fuller with less food
- • Slowed digestion: Food stays in your stomach longer, prolonging satiety
- • Blood sugar control: Better glucose regulation reduces cravings
- • Changed food preferences: Many people report decreased interest in high-fat foods
Who is eligible for GLP-1 medications?
Eligibility varies by medication and indication:
For weight management:
- • BMI ≥30 kg/m² (obesity), OR
- • BMI ≥27 kg/m² (overweight) with at least one weight-related condition
For type 2 diabetes:
- • Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
- • Need for improved glycemic control
Note: Your healthcare provider will consider your complete medical history to determine eligibility.
Medications
What are the main GLP-1 medications available?
The main FDA-approved GLP-1 medications include:
Semaglutide
• Ozempic® (for type 2 diabetes)
• Wegovy® (for weight management)
• Rybelsus® (oral form for type 2 diabetes)
Liraglutide
• Saxenda® (for weight management)
• Victoza® (for type 2 diabetes)
Tirzepatide
• Mounjaro® (for type 2 diabetes)
• Zepbound® (for weight management)
Dulaglutide
• Trulicity® (for type 2 diabetes)
How are GLP-1 medications administered?
Most GLP-1 medications are administered as subcutaneous injections:
- • Weekly injections: Ozempic®, Wegovy®, Mounjaro®, Trulicity®
- • Daily injections: Saxenda®, Victoza®
- • Oral tablet: Rybelsus® (taken daily)
Injections are typically given in the abdomen, thigh, or upper arm using a pre-filled pen device.
How long does it take to see results?
Results vary by individual, but typical timelines include:
- • First 4 weeks: Initial appetite suppression and small weight changes
- • 2-3 months: More noticeable weight loss (5-10% of body weight)
- • 6 months: Peak effectiveness for many people
- • 12+ months: Continued gradual weight loss or maintenance
Note: Results depend on dose optimization, lifestyle changes, and individual factors.
Side Effects
What are common side effects?
Common side effects are usually mild and often improve over time:
- • Gastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation
- • Appetite: Decreased appetite (desired effect)
- • Other: Fatigue, dizziness, headache
- • Injection site: Minor redness or irritation
Most side effects occur during dose escalation and improve as your body adjusts.
How can I manage side effects?
Tips for managing common side effects:
For nausea:
- • Eat smaller, more frequent meals
- • Avoid fatty, greasy, or spicy foods
- • Stay hydrated with small sips of water
- • Consider ginger tea or peppermint
For constipation:
- • Increase fiber intake gradually
- • Stay well hydrated
- • Regular physical activity
- • Consider a fiber supplement
Are there serious risks I should know about?
Important warnings:
- • Thyroid tumors: Risk seen in animal studies (human risk unknown)
- • Pancreatitis: Rare but serious inflammation of the pancreas
- • Gallbladder problems: Including gallstones
- • Kidney problems: Especially if dehydrated
- • Diabetic retinopathy: Worsening in some diabetes patients
Always discuss your medical history with your healthcare provider before starting treatment.
Insurance & Cost
Does insurance cover GLP-1 medications?
Insurance coverage varies significantly:
- • Type 2 diabetes indication: Often covered with prior authorization
- • Weight management indication: Coverage varies; many plans exclude
- • Requirements: May need to try other medications first
- • BMI criteria: Must meet specific thresholds
Tip: Contact your insurance directly to verify coverage and requirements for your specific plan.
What do GLP-1 medications cost without insurance?
Without insurance, monthly costs typically range:
- • Ozempic®/Wegovy®: $900-$1,400
- • Mounjaro®/Zepbound®: $1,000-$1,500
- • Saxenda®: $1,300-$1,500
- • Trulicity®: $800-$1,000
Prices vary by pharmacy and location. Manufacturer savings programs may be available for eligible patients.
Are there ways to reduce the cost?
Several options may help reduce costs:
• Manufacturer savings cards: Can save $25-$500/month for eligible patients
• Patient assistance programs: For those who qualify financially
• Pharmacy discount programs: GoodRx, SingleCare, etc.
• Compounding pharmacies: May offer lower-cost alternatives
• International pharmacies: Some patients purchase from Canada
Note: Always ensure you're obtaining medications from legitimate, licensed sources.
Lifestyle
Do I need to change my diet while on GLP-1 medications?
While not required, dietary changes can enhance results and minimize side effects:
Recommended:
- • Lean proteins (chicken, fish, tofu)
- • High-fiber foods (vegetables, whole grains)
- • Small, frequent meals
- • Plenty of water
Limit:
- • High-fat, greasy foods
- • Large portions
- • Sugary drinks and alcohol
- • Spicy foods (if causing discomfort)
Should I exercise while taking GLP-1 medications?
Exercise is highly recommended and offers multiple benefits:
- • Preserves muscle mass: Important during weight loss
- • Improves results: Enhanced weight loss and body composition
- • Better glucose control: Especially beneficial for diabetes
- • Mental health: Reduces stress and improves mood
Recommendation: Aim for 150 minutes of moderate activity weekly, plus 2 days of strength training.
What happens if I stop taking the medication?
When discontinuing GLP-1 medications:
- • Appetite returns: Usually within days to weeks
- • Weight regain: Common without lifestyle maintenance
- • Blood sugar changes: May increase if you have diabetes
- • No withdrawal symptoms: These medications are not addictive
Many healthcare providers recommend a maintenance plan that may include continued medication or strong lifestyle interventions to maintain results.
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